Paul Hurt's linkage site: home page

In the lists below, the linked pages are highlighted . Clicking on the link takes you to the page. Each page has a list of entries, with links to the entries. The entries are short, fairly short or very short. They are not intended to provide comprehensive information and explanation but to give enough information to explain the relevance of Linkage and theme theory to the subject.

Many of the entries are not concerned with established subjects but offer new concepts, new techniques, new ways of looking at the world.

The entries vary widely in scope and technical difficulty. Interpretations is the page which contains the most difficult material. My page Linkage and theme theory provides an introduction to the subject.The theory has a very extensive range of applications, including practical applications. For example, I make use of it in my design and construction work very often - to a greater or lesser extent in most of my work.

Categories below (shortened titles):

1. Themes: applications
2. Themes: interpretations
3: Linkages: glossary
4. Literature: new ideas, techniques

1. {themes}: Some applications

{adjustment}

Pseudo-science
Commercial pressures
Nietzsche
Goya and violence

{completion}

Mathematical proof
Truth tables
Digital electronics
Biological taxonomy
Aristotle's 'telos'

{direction}

Generalized linkage connective
Implication
Material conditional
Teleological arguments
Trends
Vectors and directed lines
Ferromagnetism
Entropy
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, 3.144

{distance}

Key system in music
Modulation in poetry
Unities of drama

Narrative {distance}
'Du' and 'Sie' in German
Edward Bullough's aesthetic {distance}
Wordsworth's boy at Windermere
Subjunctive and optative in Thucydides iii, 22
Web design and {distance}
Law of negligence

{modification}

The Journey
James Connolly and the Easter Rising
Innovation
Nietzsche
Transformation in Rembrandt and Rilke
Mind, body and the rest of the world
George Orwell: capital and corporal punishment
Activism and opposition
{modification} by {diversification}
The necessary, the impossible and the contingent
The ship of Theseus

Invariance
Variables and pretensions
Corroboration and falsification
Typography and action
Modal properties

{ordering}

Ethical decision-making
Digital technology
Military medicine: triage
Priorities in politics
Dependence
Nietzsche

{ordering} and {grouping}
The mind and concentration

{restriction}

Limitation and limits
Disappointment and imperfection
Exemption: slavery

Quantum mechanics
Jokes
Linkage schemata
((surveys))
Framing
Linkage isolation
Isolation and abstraction
Isolation and 'The Whole Truth'
Isolation and distortion
Poetry and prose
Kant and the limits to knowledge
Allowing and disallowing

{reversal}

Thermodynamic reversal
Elastic deformation
Negation
Undoing
Inversion and musical intervals

{separation}

Of people: Shakespeare
Of people: Auschwitz-Birkenau
Commuters
Between past and present
Vegetables and fruit
Human characteristics and versatility
Thermodynamic separation
{separation} and application-sphere
{separation} and separability
Causation
Areas of competence

{substitution}

Evaluating the thing itself
Mathematical and scientific {substitution}

2. {themes}: Some interpretations, making use of Linkage and theme theory

Commutative operators
Demarcation: science-metaphysics
Endothermic and exothermic reactions
Foundationalism and coherentism
Implication
Induction
Inertia
Infinitesimals

Interchangeability
Intervals
Inverses of functions
Kantian categories
Mendelian factors
Meta- and para-studies
Newton's first law of motion
Newton's third law of motion
Particle in a box
Polish (prefix) notation

Referents
Regions
Selection: natural and artificial

SI units
Thermodynamic systems and partitions

3. Linkages: glossary

Abbreviation
{adjustment} and alignment
Allowing and disallowing
Assuming a linkage
Atypical linkage
Close linkage and close contrast
Common interface
Constraints
Context-sensitive term
Contrasts of contrast

Deleted linkage
Distortion
Diversification
Elements
Enclosure
Evaluation
Evaluative linguistics

Exemption

Factors and factorization
Genus and species

Homoiolinkage and heterolinkage

Incommensurable linkage

Indeterminacy
Isolation

Layers
Limitation

Linkage diagrams
Linkage lines

Linkage schemata

Obverse linkages

Opposites linkage

Orwell's Search

Parnassian contrast

Philosophy and linkage

Primary and secondary elements

Prior linkages

Redeeming contrast

Redrawing

Reduction of contrast

Re-scaling

Restatement

Scaling: primary, secondary, tertiary

Separate worlds

Semi-precise linkage

Substitution

((survey))
{theme}
Unification

Volume
Weighting

4. Literature: new ideas and techniques in poetry

Introduction: analysis and adventure

Allomorphs
Axis poetry
Centred rhyme
Consonants and vowels
Contrast and repetition
Directionality
Fragmentation and faulting
Inter-line poetry
'Linguistically innovative poetry'
Linkage by meaning

Modulation

Pulse poetry

Rearrangement and restoration
Regions and zoning
Sectional analysis

Semantic force and significance

Strata poetry

Tensile art
Timing
Transept poetry
Unit poetry
Image-lines
The Set

Intra-linkages and intra-contrasts
Inter-linkages and inter-contrasts
Frames

        Below, some of the site's many images, showing some of its range and
      variety - easily seen by scrolling down the page. Click on an image to
      go to a linked page, including Home Page Images (for now, some images
      are without links.) Many pages, including this, use 'Large Page Design.'

They are wide as well as long and can't be viewed adequately on very
small screens. Clicking anywhere on 'the rail' (the long band at the left

kuyy

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Below, 1st photograph shows New Greenhouse Design. The core structure takes the form of a triangular prism (a shape with great structural strength.) Around the core structure are
extensions, here with curved panels. Three straight panels of the core structure are visible on this North-facing side. There are 3 panels on the South-facing side. The system has great

versatility. With all the panels in place, gutters and pipes at the base can divert water collected from the roof to water storage containers and ponds (dual-function, for water storage and to
benefit wildlife). Panels can be removed and put back very easily. When most or all of the panels are removed, crops inside the greenhouse can be watered with natural rainfall. The system
has many advantages for water conservation. It reduces reliance on mains water. It has many other benefits, e.g. for temperature control. Ventilation is very important, to reduce or
eliminate overheating when external temperatures are high and for other reasons. One or more panels can be removed and all the panels can be removed, to give maximum
ventilation. Plastic coverings don't enhance the appearance of a site, for most people. When polycarbonate sheets aren't needed, none need be visible. One of the panels on the South-
facing side has been removed permanently. A grape vine in the greenhouse grows inside the greenhouse, at roof level, and outside, higher up, above the roof. The extensions shown
below, on the West side, include a 'solar composter,' which speeds up the production of compost by the greenhouse effect, a wildlife / water storage pond and other growing areas.
There's a much larger wildlife / water storage pond outside the greenhouse and other water-collecting surfaces and water storage facilities. An extension on the East side includes a
storage area for e.g. tools and supplies and a working area for e.g. propagation. A straw bale wall has been a feature of this extension (shown above, also with a straw bale storage area.)
The greenhouse has been featured in an article I wrote for the magazine of the National Allotment Society.

My New Growing System for farms has the advantages of the New Greenhouse Design as well as many other features. From the official U.S. patent document: ' ... the present invention

is a trellising system with modifiable components and configurations for growing, protected cropping, protected working, materials handling, water collecting and water conservation for

use in vineyards and orchards and as a polytunnel substitute.' The New System has aesthetic advantages. The plastic sheeting which forms part of the system is needed to secure
environmental advantages but is unnecessary when external temperatures are high and no water can be collected. Unlike the plastic of polytunnels, the plastic used in this system can
be retracted. The plastic need not be visible when not needed. The plant growth on the unobtrusive supports will be seen all the more clearly.

Amongst the images below are three rows of images of flowers of native British plants to be found in the land I rent, most of them growing there due to my active encouragement.
There are just two exceptions. Solanum crispum isn't a British native. Pilosella aurantiaca isn't a British native but is widely naturalized in this country.

In the case of many images below, clicking on the image takes you not to a listed page but to Home Page Images. This provides description / explanation and usually a larger version of the image.

The introduction to this Home Page includes this, 'MOST RECENT: The page Problematic Sheffield, in preparation, which will include material on the land I rent and its relevance to some
very contentious matters.' The 'very contentious matters' to be discussed in the new page will include the issues mentioned in the text block above, along with other related issues.
Below, some images of the rented land, taken in the summer of 2025, are shown in large format, some of these images to be included with others in the page 'Problematic Sheffield.'

My approach to growing is broadly based. Aesthetic values are very important to me and these values underlie my use of the land rented from Sheffield City Council. From the introduction

to Jane Grigson's 'Vegetable Book,' 'In my most optimistic moments, I see every town ringed again with small gardens, nurseries, allotments, greenhouses, orchards, as it was in the past,

an assertion of delight and human scale.' The claim that I've had 'a detrimental effect, of a persistent or continuing nature on the quality of life of those in the locality' (the land I rent happens
to be in 'the locality') is not just false but vile. I made determined efforts to have cleared a large heap of fly tipped rubbish near to the land I rent but no action was taken by the Council, or by
the so-called 'Community Garden' who were using the area when the heap appeared or the Garden Church which assumed control of the land later on. Images of the mess (including
discarded Council plastic bins and discarded plastic containers of organic fertilizer and other gardening materials):

Aesthetic values are important to me but I take very seriously the central objective of producing food, and I see every reason to take very seriously, to respect and admire, activities
which are separate from growing but which are fundamental, supporting the work of growers, supporting the vast majority of human activities - industry. Sheffield's industry and the industry
and the industry of other regions is very important to me.

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Simple science: some considerations relating to the boat (alternative use of the system: water conservation unit) shown above

In static equilibrium, the boat will displace a volume of water. The weight of this will equal the total weight of the boat,
together with any loads added to the boat. The buoyant force, acting upwards, will equal the total weight of the boat,
acting downwards: these vector forces are equal and opposite. The boat will float because the average density of
the boat is less than the density of the water in which it floats. The density of the larch wood which makes up the bulk
of the boat is approximately 550 kg/m³ and the density of water at 4°C is approximately 1000 kg/m³ The mass of the
boat (with any additional loads) is equal to the mass of water displaced. The boat has a mass of approximately 200 kg.
The boat can support and move large loads. The greater their mass and density, the greater will be the buoyant force
needed to counteract the downward force. This is achieved by adding more larch layers and / or the use of other
flotation materials.

Calculations making use of hydrostatic equations can supply useful information, eg, the submerged depth of the larch
beams and the depth above the waterline. If it's found that all the beams are below the waterline when the boat is
carrying very heavy loads, more buoyancy material will need to be added, eg in the form of buoyancy bags, PIR
polyisocyanurate material, closed cell polyurethane foam, air-filled plastic barrels, layers of wooden material,

but not very dense woods. Strengthening by use of steel bars or other means will often be required but the high density

of these will not increase significantly the overall density of the added material. Steel will obviously require protection

from corrosion by water.

not

Some equations:
(1) m = ρV where m is the mass in kg, ρ is the density in kg/m³ and V is the volume in m³
(2) F (B) = m(f) g = ρf V(f) g where the bracketed B refers to the object, in this case the boat with any objects added,

and the bracketed f refers to the fluid, in this case water. The terms shown in brackets here are generally shown as subscripts.
g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.81 m/s² (alternative units, newton N per kilogram, kg.) In this equation, the expression m can

be substituted with the expression ρV, using equation (1)

There's a wide-ranging page on the site which gives the many advantages of living in Sheffield, or some of the many advantages: Sheffield Dales. There are also pages which outline the case against - Sheffield: disadvantages and disillusionment.

PHD, Paul Hurt Design offers genuine innovation, practicality and a concern for aesthetics and the environment in the design and construction of

Agricultural growing systems, as in the invention which has now been awarded a Patent in the United States. Further information:

vineyard-orchard-polytunnel-growing-system and US Official Patent Document

New Window-Door System is a radical system with a very wide range of applications, from small-scale domestic applications to industrial and large-scale architectural applications. It offers unparalleled opportunities to install, very quickly, different surfaces in window spaces which optimize insulation in cold weather, optimize air flow in hot weather, to reduce or eliminate reliance upon air-conditioning installations and allow the insertion of surfaces to achieve wide-ranging benefits, including benefits in security, in fire control, and benefits in storage and provision of working facilities inside homes, offices, workshops and factories.

New roofing-walling-system has the potential to achieve massive benefits in mitigation of flooding, water collection and storage on a large scale to address the problem of drought and to reduce reliance upon mains water, and a range of other benefits, including fire safety.

Other innovations - there's information about most of these on the page PHD New - but it includes less recent work as well):

A variety of water-collecting surfaces, directing water to
storage containers, a pond or directly to plants.

Greenhouses - greenhouses with presence, flexible, adaptable, with large, removable panels to lower the internal temperature during heat waves and to allow natural precipitation to water the crops in the greenhouse, reducing reliance on mains water, with water-collecting surfaces to conserve water.
Implementing green roofs, eg, the roof of an extension to the PHD Greenhouse, using grape vines / hop plants, with no need for bulky, heavy soil or compost.

New bed-and-board systems in gardens / allotments, with many advantages, including huge flexibility: boards can be quickly removed and replaced, beds can be modified very easily, become larger or smaller, growing areas can be divided into beds or not. When large, open areas are chosen, water-collecting surfaces can easily be installed, if the areas are on a slope.
A lightweight metal system allowing quick construction of various garden / small farm structures for plant protection and support.
A solar composter, speeding up production of compost by the greenhouse effect.
A solar wood store, speeding up the drying of wood for efficient burning in wood stoves.

Wildlife aids - a bird table, swift nesting boxes of various designs, all very different from existing designs. The swift boxes are easily constructed, easily installed at a height without a ladder, from inside the property - taking hardly any time.
Hydraulic machinery for log splitting / apple pressing, elegant, useful furniture when not in use.
Other domestic furniture- a table, a bookcase, storage systems - distinctive designs, not copies.
A radical new roofing system, allowing inclined roofs (including water collecting roofs) to be constructed as easily as flat roofs, within (not above) a new walling system.
Workbenches for woodworking / metalworking, easy to construct, easy to dismantle, easy to move from place to place, but solid and immovable in use, with ample storage space and versatile working surfaces.
A vice for woodworking, with pressure exerted by a ratchet strap, not a screw thread.
Van to Campervan conversions which can be implemented easily and are cost-effective, practical and harmonious.
Van to Display Unit conversions, using telescopic and other components, in particular display boards. The boards can display material of many different kinds, e.g. campaigning images and text, advertizing material. The displays are static, for use when the van is parked, not moving.
Simple aids to moving heavy loads up slopes and on level ground, in gardens / allotments.
Simple aids to safety in sheet metal work.

Page-travel: new techniques in Website navigation introduces innovations in navigation within the page and between pages, in particular the vertical rail on the left side of all the pages of the site. This, like horizontal rails, can have many uses, in particular, for navigation within the page. The presence of a vertical rail helps to unify the page, to remove the feeling that the user is going into remote parts, in the case of very long pages. Website navigation has linkages with travelling in an area or travelling to more distant places.

None of my activities in connection with this site, with my design and construction work or my work in growing have ever earned me any money. My work has been carried out for personal reasons but with the hope of giving wider benefits. I've no idea if my work will ever earn me anything. I prefer to focus my attention on other things. There are many, many demands on my time.

Linkages and {themes} as well as contrasts underlie to a greater or lesser extent most of this site. I stress methods, techniques, ideas, concepts, values that are common to very different fields of activity, often ones which unify, and not only in design / construction but far more widely - the project TTL, 'Theme, Theory, Practice.'

A project which is a substantial part of my work, in the field of comparative literature: 'literature, broadly defined, and other spheres of human activity, including history, politics, philosophy, art and science' and in multiple languages. Work in the field of poetic technique and innovation in poetics is a separate, linked project.

One interest of mine, music, has no coverage in any detail. I do include brief information about some writing of mine on an aspect of violin technique. It was included in a violin concerto which received its world premiere at a Proms concert at the Royal Albert Hall. The concerto includes text as well as the music, obviously the main component of the work. I had studied with the Hungarian violinist Rudolf Botta, commemorated by the concerto. Before switching to the violin and viola, I was a cellist, and played the cello in an orchestra which included professional players, the members of 'The Lindsays' (The Lindsay String Quartet.)

I give far more coverage to drama on the site. The drama section includes a play script - a comedy with overtones. The play was successfully staged for paying audiences. I wrote the play and I was the director for the performances. The play is about a boxer who is pressurized into becoming a concert violinist by his mother and an agent, with a wide range of other characters and a wide range of settings. I played the part of the boxer-turned-violinist. The play is on the page Play Script with Introduction. The introduction is comprehensive.

The page About this site gives introductory information on a wide variety of topics, including use of images, and this: 'Emails sent to me are treated as confidential. Emails sent to me won't be released into the public domain, including publication on this site, unless with the sender's permission.' With only the most limited exceptions, including any which threatened action which is clearly extreme and illegal. (I've never received any of those.) The page includes information about my phone number, if you'd like to contact me in this way

Email address: paulhurt100@gmail.com

Mikhail Bakhtin writes of 'Dostoevsky's passion for journalism and his love of the newspaper, his deep and subtle understanding of the newspaper page as a living reflection of the contradictions of contemporary society in the cross-section of a single day, where the most diverse and contradictory material is laid out, extensively, side by side...' ('Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics,' translated, Caryl Emerson.)

My approach is in part systematic and rigorous, sometimes at a high level of abstraction, but I see no contradiction between system and rigour on the one hand and on the other, passion, compassion, activism, humour, an intense concern for the health of language and the vitality of culture, a whole range of other concerns. A systematic study can reveal gaps very clearly. The meticulous work of cartographers helped to show explorers which regions were still unexplored, to suggest new areas for risk and discovery. Activism and activists - deluded and deranged activists as well as ones I respect and admire - politics and politicians, have a part to play in the pages of the site, but also journalists, poets, musicians, scientists, engineers, labourers, scholars, miners, and many more, including animals.

The 'diverse material' in this site covers a very wide range, some of it of journalistic, some of it academic, some of it personal, some of it practical - working with wood, metal, other materials, designing and constructing buildings, other structures and sometimes machines, the growing of a wide range of plants - and the design of pages, graphic design. Some of it is concerned with aesthetics, some of it with ethics - with humane values and harshness, unavoidable harshness as well as harshness which can be reduced by reform or technical advances, harshness in peace and in war, industry and nature. Ethics: ethical theory and practice is a page with technical and non-technical sections. It introduces symbolic notation for 'outweighing,' a fundamental concept in ethics, for me, but with much wider applicability.

Pages concerned with value judgments include appreciation as well as criticism. There's criticism of anti-feminists as well as radical feminists, criticism of people who oppose 'woke' views as well as criticism of woke views, extensive criticism of Christian beliefs without assuming that non-Christians and anti-Christians have a monopoly of good sense, without assuming that they are incapable of stupidity (and worse, much worse), arguments and evidence in favour of 'conservative' views, but with significant reservations.

The pages on universities contain criticism of some aspects of some universities (Cambridge, Oxford, Harvard, the Sheffield universities and others) and many people at those universities. In other pages, I attempt to convey some of the astonishing achievement of universities, in science, technology and other fields. Very often, perhaps more often than not, the achievements outweigh the failures but obviously, the balance of success / failure is very variable. This is after all a massive subject, impossible to cover, to begin to cover, in the space available.

My poetry - very varied - appears on the page Poems. Some of the poems have been published in literary magazines. Word-image design contains my 'concrete poems.'

The study of linkages is one of the broadest of all studies. Linkages / contrasts, are fundamental organizing principles of the site. I discuss linkages in many different fields and create new ones - there are many innovations here. Many linkages are problematic and disputed. Astrologers find a linkage between human personality and celestial objects whilst skeptics find no convincing evidence. Scientific advances involve new linkages: Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation proposed a linkage between all the bodies in the Universe, Darwin's Theory of Evolution proposed new linkages between organisms.

Most of the material is non-technical. The page introducing Linkage and {theme} theory (which includes linkage and contrast) is one exception. (Another is my page on Metaphor.) I explain some conceptual innovations and go beyond natural language, developing a symbolic notation with many uses and substantial advantages. Pages which make use of this notation include Themes: Interpretations, hints Most of these are concerned with topics in physics, chemistry, mathematics, philosophy and logic.

A Lists-Section follows the images sections below. It provides information about the content of some pages on Linkages and themes, including applications - a sample of the many, many possible practical and other applications.